indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
grounds (esp. of shrines and temples); compound; churchyard; precincts
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
silent (as the grave); deadly silent; deathly quiet
to fall completely silent; to become still as death
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
master; teacher; stable master
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
myself; yourself; I; me; you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stare (at); to gaze (at); to look hard (at); to watch intently; to fix one's eyes (on)
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
top of ...; head of ...; the moment that ...
valley; ravine; gorge; canyon
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
leader; leaders; dotted line; reader (textbook); reader (i.e. a person who reads); microreader
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
to cease; to stop; to be over
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
trap (for catching animals); snare; trap; trick; ruse
to fit (e.g. a pane into a frame); to insert (e.g. a cork); to put on (something that envelops; e.g. a ring, gloves); to place (a hoop) around; to pigeonhole (into a particular category); to force (into a mold); to entrap
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to contemplate; to ponder; to think long about; to turn over in one's mind
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
the West; the Occident; Western countries