indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to taste; to savor; to appreciate; to enjoy; to experience; to go through
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
tension; strain; tensions (between countries, groups, etc.); tonus; muscle tone
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
while; during; while; although; all; both
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to make a sound with one's throat; to purr (of a cat)
to raise one's face; to lift one's head; to raise one's eyes
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); wall (of stones)
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
glazing; fitting with glass; transparency; openness; lack of secrecy
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; bill; check; bill; promissory note
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to tower over the surroundings
subway; metro; underground (railway)
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at a glance; at first sight
(multi-floor) shopping center primarily containing clothing stores; fashion mall
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
tall and thin; long and thin; lanky; spindly; gangly
Imperial Palace (of Japan); imperial residence
to watch over; to keep watch over; to keep an eye on; to watch intently; to stare; to gaze
turret; watchtower; high wooden stage; scaffolding; wooden frame (of a kotatsu); yagura
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
Kantō (region comprising Tokyo and surrounding prefectures); Kantō (eastern half of Japan; during the feudal era)
yin-yang diviner; sorcerer; exorcist; medium
call; summons; convening; convocation
headquarters; head office; main office
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that