volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
way; manner; (for) the first time in (e.g. ten years); after ...; ...-sized; amount (equivalent to ...)
dyer's knotweed (Persicaria tinctoria, used to produce indigo dye); indigo (dye); indigo (colour)
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
lovely; wonderful; charming; enchanting; nice; great
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
a little; a bit; a small amount; a little while; a short time; a moment
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
delivery (of a package, goods, etc.)
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; by the way
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
X; x; unknown quantity; an unknown
is not ... either; is (neither ...) nor ...; nor is it ...; does not ... either; (neither ...) nor ...; does not even ...
ten; 10; ten years of age
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
two-digit number; "tens" column; two digits; double figures
reaching; attaining; arrival
honestly speaking; in truth; in all honesty; to be frank
so; like this; in this way; this much; to this extent
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
beginning; start; outset; at first; at the beginning; initially
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly