indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
market (financial, stock, domestic, etc.); marketplace; exchange; (street) market
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
public square; square; plaza; open space; clearing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
opening a new store; opening a new branch; setting up a stall (at a festival, trade fair, etc.); setting up a booth; exhibiting
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
energy; vigour; vigor; liveliness; spirit; life
to be full of (e.g. adventure, youth, energy); to be overflowing with
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
gap; opening; spare moment; interval; unguarded moment; carelessness
to insert; to put in; to come in (of light); to shine in; to have a griping pain (in the stomach, chest, etc.)
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
fantastic; magical; wondrous; whimsical; fairytale-like; romantic
scene; spectacle; sight; view
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
high-spirited; cheerful; assertive; vigorous
shopkeeper; storekeeper; proprietor of a shop
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to raise one's voice; to shout
commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise
appeal (e.g. for peace); plea; appeal (of something); attractiveness; appeal (to the referee); emphasizing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
tough; stubborn; determined; severely; heavily; hard
to drive a bargain; to beat down the price; to haggle
negotiations; bargaining; discussions; connection; relationship; relations
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
surroundings; environs; circumference
noisy; boisterous; turbulent (era, etc.); troubled
among (other things); especially; particularly; inter alia; above all (else)