indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
decline; degeneration; decay; waning; ebbing
Ministry of Revenue (Tang-dynasty China)
table of contents; contents
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
centimeter; centimetre; centi-; 10^-2; sentimental
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
numeral; figure; digit; numeric character
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
don't you think?; indicates question
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
speed; velocity; pace; velocity
strife; riot; (media) uproar; brouhaha; feud; tussle
distinction (e.g. between right and wrong, public and private, etc.)
cutting of hair (to a short length); haircutting; bobbed hair; bob
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to force; to compel; to coerce; to press; to impose
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
difficult to ...; hard to ...
time; hour; period; class
stagnation; tie-up; standstill; congestion; delay; accumulation
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
already; now; by this time; quick; early; fast
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
time (three times, each time, etc.); times
to be completely changed (for the worse); to be transformed
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition