staying up late; keeping late hours; sitting up late at night; nighthawk
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
last night; yesterday evening
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
middle of the night; dead of night
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
3 o'clock; afternoon snack (eaten around 3 o'clock); three ages of Buddhism (following the death of Gautama Buddha; age of the true law, age of the copied law, and age of the degeneration of the law); three ages of the dharma
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
being enthusiastic about; being wild about; being absorbed in; being engrossed in; being devoted to
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
happiness; blessedness; luck; luckily; fortunately
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
diligence; good attendance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to master (e.g. a skill); to become accustomed to (e.g. a lifestyle); to acquire (e.g. a habit); to retain
habit; (social) custom; practice; convention
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
time; hour; period; class
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
exactly; precisely; closely; tightly; properly; without fail
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
regular time; stated period
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
in an instant; in a flash; right away; immediately
changing clothes; change of clothes
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
comparatively; relatively; unexpectedly; unusually; considering; for one's ...
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)