indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
western direction; Western Pure Land (Amitabha's Buddhist paradise); western fighter in a match (e.g. sumo)
sky; the skies; high-altitude sky; upper air
mountain range; mountain belt
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
quiet; calm; easily; comfortably; distant; far-off
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to mount (a horse, bicycle, etc.); to straddle; to sit astride; to span (an area, time, etc.); to extend over; to spread over
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
silver hair; gray hair; grey hair
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
under one's eyes; below one's eyes
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
grand; magnificent; majestic; great; sublime
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
quite; utterly; really; completely
admiration; wonder; astonishment
while; during; while; although; all; both
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
level ground; horizon; field of view
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to command a view; to look out over (onto, across, etc.); to overlook
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at one's feet; underfoot; gait; pace; most recent; current
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
shock; tremor; impact; vibration
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to spread (of a rumour, news, etc.); to travel; to be handed down (from generation to generation); to be passed down; to be introduced (to a country, region, etc.); to be brought; to be conveyed (of a feeling, impression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow