work (e.g. of art); piece; harvest; crop; technique
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
this is why; that is the reason why; it is the case that; so; thus; with that
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
and then; and so; and; so then
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
end; final; end of life; death; never; not at all
carelessly; thoughtlessly; inadvertently
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
feeling; sense; impression
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
author; writer; novelist; artist
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
will not do; do not; does not
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...