indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to plant; to grow; to insert; to transplant; to inoculate (e.g. an infectious agent); to instill (idea, value, etc.)
Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil); picotee morning glory; funnel-shaped object; bell (e.g. of a trumpet); (arch.) rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; (arch.) to rise up (of breaking waves)
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle; frond; foliage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to grow thickly; to be in full leaf; to be rampant; to luxuriate; to be luxurious
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
vine; climber; climbing plant; creeper; creeping plant; liana
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to be disappointed; to be dejected; to be downhearted; to feel exhausted; to feel drained
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
buying and reading (book, magazine, etc.); subscribing (incl. free subscriptions); taking (e.g. newspaper)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
aforementioned; above-mentioned
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
unfortunately; regrettably
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to bloom; to blossom; to become lively (esp. of conversation); to become animated; to experience a golden age
by chance; by accident; accidentally; occasionally; once in a while; now and then
cause; seed; variety; kind; counter for varieties
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
method of bringing up; method of raising
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine