indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (someone's) side
(national) capital (city); metropolis
protective wall; defensive wall; barrier; bulwark
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
distant view; looking from a distance; being able to see a long distance; good long-distance vision; farsightedness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
decorative curtain hung from the ceiling; tent; pavilion; marquee
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
surroundings; environs; circumference
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright
to put on clothes; to wear clothes; to be the personification of
nurse (male or female); personal care attendant
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
military doctor; army surgeon
busy; hectic; hurried; rapid; quick; sudden
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
citizen; resident; person; user (of a website, esp. as a collective, e.g. Twittersphere)
cooperation; collaboration; association; community; communal use; common possession
defense; defence; safeguard; protection
encampment; position; side; end; goal area
anti-cavalry palisade (Sengoku period)
ground; earth's surface; land; lot; plot
laying (a railroad, pipes, naval mines, etc.); construction
nail; spike; tack; rivet; brad; (pachinko) pin
trap (for catching animals); snare; trap; trick; ruse
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
mild; calm; gentle; quiet; congenial; amicable
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere