period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods); medieval times; mediaeval times
when it becomes; when it comes to
side; flank; profile; aspect; dimension
gold (metal); gold (color); gold (medal); first place (prize); something of great value; something golden (e.g. silence); money
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
what is called; what you call; what they call; so-called
alchemy; way of making money; moneymaker; money-spinner
in the twinkling of an eye; in a flash
sweeping (over, across); conquering; overwhelming
each country; every country; various countries; all countries
to compete; to contend; to vie; to contest
training; education; development; cultivation
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
(social) position; status; standing; position (in a company, organization, etc.); post; rank
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
of course; certainly; naturally
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
social status; social position; social standing
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
religion; religious affiliation; belief; religious activity
to intertwine; to become entangled; to get tangled (together); to become intertwined (of matters, interests, etc.); to become connected; to become linked
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
New World (esp. the Americas, but also Australasia)
original inhabitant; aboriginal; previous priest
colonization; colonisation
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
large quantity; large amount
to drain; to pour; to float (e.g. logs down a river); to set adrift; to wash away; to carry away; to broadcast
recent past; recent times; early modern period (Azuchi-Momoyama to Edo in Japan)
royal authority; regal power; authority of the king
establishment; settlement
secularization; secularisation; popularization; popularisation
oppression; suppression; pressure
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
to acquire a position; to hold an appointment
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
powerful person; influential person