prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(looking) blankly; vacantly; dazedly; (staring) in puzzlement; with a look of amazement
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to face (each other); to be facing; to be directed toward (the future, etc.); to be in response to; to receive (a client, etc.); to compare with
to be flurried; to be confused; to lose one's head
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
bubble; foam; froth; suds; lather; head (on beer)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
undulation; ups and downs; highs and lows
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to the utmost; to the best of one's ability
inside one's heart; in one's mind
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to push into; to cram into; to stuff into; to break in; to burgle; to burglarize
as (much) as possible; as (much) as one can; wherever practicable; if possible
to be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
as if nothing had happened
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
otherwise; if not; or else
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
calm; peace; serenity; composure; equanimity; presence of mind
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
to dress (oneself in); to attire oneself in; to adorn; to pretend; to feign; to affect
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)