the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
... years old; age (of) ...
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
eldest daughter; first-born daughter
in an instant; in a flash; in the blink of an eye; in no time at all; just like that
to set (sun); to become dark
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
immediately; as soon as possible; as quickly as possible
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
desperately; for one's dear life
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
border (between countries); national border
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to brace oneself; to focus one's energies; to focus one's mind
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to detain; to check; to restrain; to stop
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to take the time (to do); to set aside time (for)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
pardon; forgiveness; forbearance
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
check station; checkpoint
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
motionlessly (e.g. stand, wait); (be) still; fixedly (e.g. gaze, stare); intently (e.g. listen, think); patiently (e.g. endure); stoically