December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
middle ten days of a month; 11th to 20th day of a month
already completely (did, happened, etc.); already entirely
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
first snow (of the season); first snowfall
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stare (at); to gaze (at); to look hard (at); to watch intently; to fix one's eyes (on)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
to get angry; to get mad; to lose one's temper; to scold; to tell (someone) off
unfortunately; regrettably
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to pile up; to accumulate; to estimate
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
after school (at the end of the day)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to melt; to liquefy; to dissolve (in a liquid); to be soluble (in); to be used up (of money or time); to be wasted
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
regrettable; unfortunate; disappointing; vexing
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to think about; to send one's heart out to; to give more than a passing thought to; to think of something far away; to think nostalgically upon (esp. one's hometown)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise