prefix for forming ordinal numbers
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
disposal; abandonment; scrapping; annulment; cancellation; abrogation
hope; wish; aspiration; (bright) prospects; expectation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
night watch; night sentry
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
all night long; all through the night
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
one house; the same house
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
turret; watchtower; high wooden stage; scaffolding; wooden frame (of a kotatsu); yagura
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
wind-swept; exposed to the wind
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of
(scenic) view; prospect; outlook; viewing platform; overlook
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to interrupt; to obstruct (a view, someone's way, etc.); to block (light, wind, etc.); to intercept; to cut off
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
to project; to stick out; to stand out
watch; guard; lookout; surveillance; watchman; sentinel
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
to go through; to pass through; to get through; to cut across