to incline toward; to slant; to go down (sun, moon); to sink; to decline; to wane
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to throw out; to drop; to toss; to abandon; to neglect; to dismiss
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
cooperation; collaboration; association; community; communal use; common possession
craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
association; union; guild; labor union; labour union; trade union
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
one copy (of a document); one letter; one-way traffic; pure straight; winning hand containing nine consecutive tiles of the same suit (i.e. 1-9)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
meagre; meager; scarce; limited; destitute; hard up
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (someone's) side