hello; good day; good afternoon
divine spirit; spirit of the dead
route; road; distance travelled in a day; one's ... (age, e.g. 40s, 60s)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
work (e.g. of art); piece; harvest; crop; technique
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
labour; labor; effort; toil; trouble
to need; to demand; to take; to require
previous work; preceding work; previous title; first crop grown in a double-cropped field; preceding crop
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
device; contrivance; trick; trap; (small) scale; half finished; commencement
reaction; response; physical reaction (to a stimulus); observable response (of an organism); reaction; effect
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
happiness; blessedness; proving fortunate; yielding positive outcome; luckily; fortunately
as a matter of fact; to tell the truth
life; lifetime; career; for life; all one's life; throughout one's life
to finish writing; to complete; to write down (e.g. a list); to write out
hard fight; close game; struggle; tight contest
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
main cause; primary factor
what with A and B; such things as A and B; A and B and so on; denotes uncertainty
mental condition; state of mind; mentality
neighbour; neighbor; (people in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive