prefix for forming ordinal numbers
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
please (give me); please (do for me)
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
horizontal (as opposed to vertical); side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back); width; side (of a box, etc.); beside; aside
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
(arch.) eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); (arch.) eastern provinces; (arch.) east; wagon; yamatogoto; my spouse
cold; frigid; dignified; distinguished; (of an atmosphere) tense; nerve-racking
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to include (in a group or scope); to instruct; to make one understand; to include (a nuance); to put in (an implication); to put in (someone's) mouth
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
to exchange glances; to look at each other; to postpone; to put off; to contrast; to compare
fat; fatty; grand; magnificent; excellent
one; same (mind, path, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
immediately; right away; on the spot
to nod; to bow one's head in assent; to agree
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
(one) matter; (one) item; (one) case
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
duty; function; office; mission; task; role
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
main topic; main subject; main issue; this subject
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me