prefix for forming ordinal numbers
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
Holy City (e.g. Jerusalem, Mecca)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
satellite city; satellite town
principal street; main street; major road; thoroughfare
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
representation; representative; exemplification; typification; leader; switchboard number
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
public square; square; plaza; open space; clearing
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
(surprise) attack; assault; raid; charge
by means of; due to; because of; according to
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
restoration; recovery; rehabilitation; recovery (from an illness); recuperation; convalescence
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
temporary; provisional; interim; special; extraordinary; extra
headquarters; head office; main office
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
establishment; institution; installation (of a machine or equipment)
(arch.) eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); (arch.) eastern provinces; (arch.) east; wagon; yamatogoto; my spouse
cold; frigid; dignified; distinguished; (of an atmosphere) tense; nerve-racking
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
revival; reconstruction; restoration; rebuilding; recovery; renaissance
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
relief; aid; help; (religious) salvation; (Christian) grace
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
wounded person; injured person
(medical) treatment; care; therapy; cure; remedy
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
to put in order; to tidy up; to settle (a matter); to solve; to finish; to get through
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation; moving picture
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
considerably; fairly; quite; rather; pretty
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others