sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to change color (of leaves in autumn); to turn red; to ripen (and change color); to become sexually aware; to reach puberty
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
autograph; signature; sign; signal; indication
beautiful riverside location; lakeside district; canal district
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
depression; lowlands; low ground; bottom land; plain
vast; extensive; immense; huge; large; grand
river; stream; River; the ... river
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
the country; countryside; rural districts; cultivated land; fields
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to overlook; to command a view of; to look down on; to despise; to look down on
small hill; low hill; hillock
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
needle; pin; hook; stinger; thorn; hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
whole area; whole region; stretch (of land); tract; belt
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
origin; source; history; originally; from the start; by nature
very young; little; childish; immature
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
obvious; clear; plain; evident; apparent; explicit
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
tree; shrub; wood; timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to fall into ruin; to become dilapidated; to become run-down; to become desolate; to be badly neglected
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game