illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
science (natural sciences and related fields, incl. mathematics, engineering, medicine, etc.); faculties of science, engineering, medicine, etc. (at a university); science (as a school subject)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
... years old; age (of) ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
Mary (mother of Jesus); the Virgin Mary; Mary (of Magdala); Mary Magdalene
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see (someone) off; to escort; to watch (someone or something) go out of sight; to follow with one's eyes; to let (a bus, pitch, etc.) go by; to let pass; to postpone
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
bento; Japanese box lunch
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to