indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stare (at); to gaze (at); to look hard (at); to watch intently; to fix one's eyes (on)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
painful; heartrending; trying; oppressive; suffocating; miserable
to shake; to sway; to rock; to become unstable; to become unsettled; to be shaken
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
cowardly; timid; easily frightened
cowardly; craven; unfair; mean; sneaky
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
mad (with grief, love, etc.); crazy; out of one's mind; on the verge of insanity
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent; to resonate clearly (e.g. voice); to become serene; to become tranquil; to pronounce as an unvoiced sound
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
reward; compensation; collateral; security; turning to look behind
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
absolutely; completely; utterly; really; simply; only
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
Chinese trumpet creeper (Campsis grandiflora)