indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
town; city; municipal; urban
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
western direction; Western Pure Land (Amitabha's Buddhist paradise); western fighter in a match (e.g. sumo)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
place; position; location; position; standing; status
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); wall (of stones)
subsidence; sinking; fall (of a city, fortress, etc.); surrender; fall (in position, rank, etc.); demotion
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to blaze; to burn brightly
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
beginning; start; outset; at first; at the beginning; initially
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
will to fight; fighting spirit; morale
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
fervour; fervor; vigour; vigor; ardour; ardor
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
to lose; to miss (a chance, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise