cause; seed; variety; kind; counter for varieties
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic
good feeling; feeling good
adds force or indicates command
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
myself; yourself; I; me; you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
secluding oneself in the mountains; undertaking ascetic practices at a mountain temple; retreat; off-site meeting
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the way back; the way home; return trip
(swimming) pool; pool (billiards); pool (together)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to creep in; to steal in; to sneak in
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
summer vacation; summer holiday
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
half; 50%; tie; 5 parts; 5%
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
kapow; bang; bulging; filled to bursting; prostitute (catering to Occupation soldiers in Japan after WWII)
to swell (out); to expand; to be inflated; to get cross; to get sulky; to pout
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)