original text; source book; draft
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
going; travelling; act; action; bank; counter for banks; counter for groups or parties of people
party; group; troop; one act; one action; one deed
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
multicolumn layout; column setting
step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan
double; two-fold; diplo-; dipl-; double-edged eyelid; double eyelid
angle bracket (e.g. <>); chevron
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
replacement; substitute; displacement; transposition; reset
annotation; explanatory note; comment
abbreviation; omission; outline; gist; plan; strategy
em; em quad (printing); full-width character
using horizontal characters in vertical writing
external character; user-defined character; kanji not included in the jōyō or jinmeiyō list; foreign letters (esp. of a western language); foreign writing
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Islamic State (of Iraq and the Levant); Daesh; IS; information separator; delimiter
to invade; to raid; to infringe; to encroach; to harm; to afflict
pile (fabric, nuclear reactor, structural support, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
myself; yourself; I; me; you
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
fighting (against); taking on (an opponent); facing; confronting; competing (with); battle
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
extraordinary; special; exceptional; non-standard grammatical construction; ungrammatical usage; solecism
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
having no choice; at a loss for what to do; at one's wits' end
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
stamina; endurance; physical strength; strength of an organization (e.g. profitability, productivity, economic clout, stability, growth potential)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)