creator (of a work); author; writer; artist; composer; playwright
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
field; plain; prairie; tundra; moor; wilderness
previous work; preceding work; previous title; first crop grown in a double-cropped field; preceding crop
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to become famous; to go out into the world; to make one's way in the world; to appear
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
Great East Japan earthquake (March 11, 2011); Tōhoku earthquake; Tohoku earthquake; Sendai earthquake
occurrence; incidence; generation (of power, heat, etc.); production; ontogeny; development
after that; afterwards; thereafter
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
stage (of a theatre, concert hall, etc.); stage performance; stage production; setting (of a story); scene; sphere (of activity)
present age; present day; contemporary; modern era; modern times; contemporary era
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
declaration; proclamation; announcement
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
main text; original text; this book; this volume
novel coronavirus (esp. SARS-CoV-2)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
aspect; phase; condition; modality
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
Dracula (novel, film, etc.); Count Dracula
roasting; grilling; tempering (in metallurgy); -ware; porcelain