exception; supernumerary; extra (e.g. performance, item, object, etc.); additional; outsize
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
magic tool (in fiction); magical item
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
record; document; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); setting (a record); recording (a record high, etc.)
first number (e.g. issue of a magazine); No. 1 type
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
for one person; made for one person
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
trial manufacture; experiment; test piece; prototype
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
while; even though; despite
one day; (on) a certain day
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
living room (Western style); sitting room
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
convenient; handy; useful
smallish; on the small side
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
side table; bedside table
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
substance; true form; main part; main unit; object of worship (at a shrine, temple, etc.); noumenon
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
top (of a table, counter, etc.); tabletop; countertop; baking tray; baking sheet; sheet pan
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from; to dodge (a question, blow, etc.)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)