promise; agreement; appointment; engagement; convention; rule
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
two persons; two people; pair; couple
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to boil up; to come to the boil; to arise; to break out; to get excited; to be in uproar
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
crystal; crystallization; crystallisation; fruits (of labor, union, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
glittering; sparkling; glistening; twinkling
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to shine; to sparkle; to twinkle; to light up (with happiness, hope, etc.); to beam; to gleam
while; during; while; although; all; both
space; air; midair; (from) memory; (by) heart
to dance (orig. a whirling dance); to whirl (in the wind); to flutter (about); to swirl
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
in an instant; in a flash; in the blink of an eye; in no time at all; just like that
to melt; to liquefy; to dissolve (in a liquid); to be soluble (in); to be used up (of money or time); to be wasted
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
test (of ability, knowledge, etc.); exam; test (of performance, quality, etc.); trial; rehearsal
to finish; to get through with; to graduate; to come to an end; to end; to finish doing ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
red; crimson; scarlet; Red; communist
barrette; hair clasp; hair slide
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to repair; to mend; to change; to alter; to put back; to put away; to cure
(picture) frame; framed picture; amount (esp. of money); sum
sweat; perspiration; moisture; condensation; gulp; oops
to wipe; to mop up; to get rid of (an impression, feeling, blemish, etc.); to dispel (e.g. shame); to erase
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
early summer; fourth month of the lunar calendar
even though; despite; when