(ancient) Japan; Yamato kingdom; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture); Yamato (battleship)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
bodily sensation; feeling in the body; physical feeling; coenesthesia; cenesthesia; coenesthesis
time; hour; period; class
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
several hundred; hundreds (of)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
making frequent appearances; appearing often; appearing and disappearing
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
which; where; all; both; anyway; anyhow
at (a time or place); in; in (a situation, matter, etc.); on (a point); on the part of; under the authority of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to taste; to savor; to appreciate; to enjoy; to experience; to go through
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
bigoted; obstinate; stubborn; pigheaded
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
contradiction; inconsistency
settlement; solution; resolution
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
how many years; how long; what year
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to pass (of time); to elapse
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except