main text; original text; this book; this volume
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
author; writer; novelist; artist
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
man of the future; Homo futurus
now; the present time; just now; another; more
work (e.g. of art); piece; harvest; crop; technique
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
management; administration; operation; running (a business); conducting
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competition in which there are several evenly matched participants; hotly contested game (match, market, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
each place; every place; various places; all parts (of the country, world, etc.)
to rule; to govern; to reign over; to subdue; to suppress; to quell
daimyo (Japanese feudal lord)
unification of the whole country
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
something like ...; something called ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
sale; offering for sale; putting on sale; putting on the market; release (for sale)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
to have luck on one's side; to get lucky; to have one's eyes bulge out of one's head (with surprise)
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; of course; definitely
popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character