indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
declining; refusal; rejection; announcement; notice
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(talent) scout; recruiter; scouting; headhunting; Boy Scouts; Girl Scouts
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
of course; certainly; naturally
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
no!; no no!; no, not at all
at least; at most; (even) just
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
container; receptacle; case; inserting; putting in
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
not a chance; not likely; oh no; yuck; fault; defect
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)