chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to turn up; to make an appearance; to put in an appearance; to drop by
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
meal (e.g. lunch, dinner); diet
being on duty; person on duty; one's turn
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
menu; schedule; program; menu
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
generally; on the whole; general; rough; outline; main points
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(having) two choices; choice between two things
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
occasionally; once in a while; now and then
another thing; other things; another man's property
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
taking on (a challenge); attempt; try; requesting a video review (of a referee's call)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
unfortunately; sorry, but ...