indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
collection of short stories; collected short stories
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
comparatively; relatively; fairly; rather; pretty; unexpectedly
many; plenty; varied; all sorts of; colorful (program); crowded (schedule)
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
magazine; journal; periodical
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
novel; story; (work of) fiction
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
recording (in a book, the minutes, etc.); printing; including; recording (audio or video)
quantity; amount; generosity; magnanimity; pramana (means by which one gains accurate and valid knowledge; in Indian philosophy)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
direction; trend; directionality; directivity; goal; aim
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
short story; short film; short poem
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
beginning; outset; first; onset
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
editor (in publishing, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
question; inquiry; enquiry
compact disk; CD; cash dispenser; (negotiable) certificate of deposit
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; known as; so to speak