indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
why; how; for what reason
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
to catch sight of; to come into view; to happen to see
wild; growing wild; living in the wild; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow (handling, dealing with something); anyhow; one way or another
end; close; finish; end of play (in go)
just barely; only just; at the very limit; at the last moment
to escape (disaster, death, etc.); to be saved from; to be rescued from; to avoid (e.g. punishment); to evade (e.g. responsibility); to avert
while; even though; despite
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
great success; huge success