to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
hello; good day; good afternoon
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
honour; honor; glory; privilege
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
nice to meet you; I'm glad to make your acquaintance; how do you do?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
meeting; rendezvous; meeting for the first time; coming across; confluence
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
thanks; gratitude; appreciation; thankfulness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to offer; to devote; to sacrifice
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
even a little; any at all; if only a little; no matter how little
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
reading while standing (in a bookstore, etc.); browsing (i.e. reading an item but not buying it)
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
(cash) register; checkout (counter); cashier
to take (something) along; to bring with one; to carry (something) away; to bear
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
wish; desire; request; prayer