indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
battlefield; battleground
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number one; first; best; most; game; round
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
family; members of a family
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
sixteenth day of the month; sixteen days
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
two reams (of paper); 1000 sheets (of paper); stanza; verse; tribe (in taxonomy); forecast (bet); bet which predicts the top 2 finishers (i.e. quinella or perfecta bet)