exception; supernumerary; extra (e.g. performance, item, object, etc.); additional; outsize
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
writing something on commission; newly written text
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
appearance; (outward) looks; exterior appearance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
false charge; false accusation; misrepresentation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
tropical forest; tropical rainforest
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
historic ruins (remains, relics); archeological site
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
restlessly; aimlessly; to loiter; to drift; to be restless; to fuss
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
platform; podium; (ceremonial) mound; world (of haiku, art, etc.); (literary) circles; (arch.) mandala