exception; supernumerary; extra (e.g. performance, item, object, etc.); additional; outsize
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
writing something on commission; newly written text
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
extinction; extermination; eradication; stamping out; wiping out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
large bird; peng (in Chinese mythology, giant bird said to transform from a fish); fenghuang (Chinese phoenix)
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
difference; variation; difference
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
all that one has; all that there is; the whole
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
as many as one likes; as much as one likes; great many; plenty; almost (none); (not) much
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to be caught; to be captured; to be taken prisoner; to be seized with (fear, etc.); to be a slave to; to stick to