to turn reddish-brown; to turn rufous; to become discolored; to become discoloured
bare rock; rock surface; rock face
naked; bare; uncovered; frank; open; blunt
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
innumerable; countless; numberless
to be piled up; to lie on top of one another; to come one after another; to happen over and over; to overlap (each other); to occur at the same time
stratum; geological formation; layer; bed (coal, gravel, etc.)
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
environment; circumstance
reason; cause; circumstances
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
royal capital; imperial capital
route (bus, train, air, etc.); line; line (taken by a group, organization, etc.); policy; course
opening (of a new road, railway, etc.); going into operation (e.g. telephone communication); beginning services; reopening (e.g. a road to traffic); resumption of services
notice; attention; observation
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
one part; one portion; one section
train (esp. long distance train); steam train
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage; passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing
whole story; full picture; full particulars
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
stronghold; citadel; headquarters
people; race; nation; ethnic group; ethnos
remains; traces; (the sorrow of) parting; end
barely; narrowly; only just; with difficulty
-ish; -like; resembling; appearing to be; seeming to be
that road (path, street, way, etc.); that line (of business); that profession; love affairs; romance
to break off; to come to an end; to be interrupted; to be cut short; to pause
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
armoured vehicle; armored vehicle
plural; multiple; several
rolling stock; railroad cars; wheeled vehicles
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
dead end; cul-de-sac; blind alley; end; end of the road; end point
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
to sigh; to breathe a sigh
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
acquisition; obtaining; coming to hand
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.