year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
miasma; noxious form of "bad air" formerly believed to cause diseases
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
to be sore; to be inflamed; to be bleary; to be dissipated; to be dissolute; to indulge in
decomposition; putrefaction; putrescence; corruption; degeneracy; decay
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
bizarre; strange; eccentric; odd; queer
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hand-me-down; food offering to the gods; leftovers; trip from Kyoto to the provinces
please (give me); please (do for me)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to open one's mouth (to talk); to (start to) tell
to become tense; to be tightened; to become firm (e.g. body)
body; physique; build; stature
great man; great god; hero; big man
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
lower back; waist; hips; body (of hair, noodle, paper, etc.); resilience; spring
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
golden; gold-colored; gold-coloured; honey-colour
bottomless; unlimited; immeasurable; inexhaustible
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine