piercing; shrill; noisy; loud; clamorous; wild
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to resound; to echo; to reverberate
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to (make something) quiver; to shake; to tremble; to vibrate
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
than; from; out of; except; but; more
time; hour; period; class
passage (of time); elapsing; progress; development; transit
to be mixed; to be blended with; to be combined; to associate with; to mingle with; to interest
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
weird; ominous; eerie; uncanny; ghastly
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
group; crowd; flock; herd; bevy; school
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
town; city; municipal; urban
central part; heart (of a city)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be found; to be discovered
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous