old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
royal capital; imperial capital
nonglutinous grain (not sticky enough to make mochi rice cakes)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(archeological) remains; ruins; relics
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
bottom layer; undermost layer; lowest (societal) class; bottom (economic) stratum; lowest caste
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
territory; domain; field; area; domain; region
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
inner part; interior; living quarters (at the back of a house); inner room; recesses (of one's mind); bottom (of one's heart)
enshrinement (of a deity); residing (in a shrine or sacred place); sitting prominently (in a place); being plunked down; being planted (in a spot)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
white hair; grey hair; gray hair
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to impose; to visit upon; to inflict
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
polite; respectful; reverent
to bow one's head; to hang one's head; to droop (e.g. ears of grain)
both hands; both arms; ten
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
brightness; brilliance; brilliancy; radiance; glitter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
fragment; broken piece; chip; ounce (of truth, conscience, etc.); trace; shred
to hold (something) reverently with both hands
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to float; to rise to the surface; to stand out; to be visible; to be alienated
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to melt into; to dissolve into; to merge into; to blend into (surroundings); to fit in; to adapt to