so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
outline; summary; argument
greens; vegetables; rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
serious accident; major incident
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
returning alive; surviving; reaching the home plate
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
to behave; to conduct oneself; to entertain; to treat someone (to a drink); to make tea for someone (tea ceremony)
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
calling on someone who is ill; enquiry; inquiry
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
R; r; radius; curve; nth year in the Reiwa era (May 1, 2019-); refrigerator
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to be superfluous; to be in excess; to be more than enough
time; hour; period; class
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pour into (liquids); to pump into
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
cripple; disabled person; invalid
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one day; (on) a certain day
power outage; electricity outage; blackout; failure of electricity supply
by means of; due to; because of; according to