pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.); squash
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
audience (with a superior, e.g. nobility)
hall; saloon; spacious room; reception room
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
head (of a line, group, etc.); front; lead; forefront; vanguard
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
brush tip; first on a list; head; chief
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
full dress; formal dress; uniform
so; like this; in this way; this much; to this extent
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
Hamilton (New Zealand); Hamilton
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in one's own way or style
crackling (of fire, fireworks, etc.); sparking; sputtering; to fight; to argue
to compete with; to argue with; to quarrel
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...