Chinese "Hairy Head" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Pleiades; Seven Sisters
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
ancient Japanese martial arts
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
awareness of things around one; ability to understand what is going on around oneself; judgment; judgement; discretion
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
ago; since; before; previous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to forge; to temper; to drill; to train; to discipline
burly; strong; indomitable; indefatigable; robust (vitality, appetite, economic growth, etc.); strong
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
to do nothing but; to spend all one's time doing
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
bad; poor; inferior; delinquent; hoodlum; hooligan
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
careless; stupid; thoughtless; heedless; unobservant; inadvertent
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to be overturned; to be reversed; to turn over; to fall down; to tumble down; to topple over
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
beast (i.e. any animal other than man); person reborn into the animal realm; brute (i.e. a contemptible human being); damn it; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence