influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
several; various; divergent; conflicting; different; diverse
secret; clandestine; covert; spy (for a daimyo, shogun, etc.); secret agent
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
restriction; restraint; binding; constraint
Kaga (former province located in the south of present-day Ishikawa Prefecture)
firm; strong; unbending; unyielding; uncompromising; stubborn
from the start; from the beginning; from the outset
depending on the circumstances; due to (with modifying verb)
very interesting; of great interest
reform; reformation; reorganization
to set out; to set sail; to embark on (a new venture); to set out (to achieve something); to begin to ride; to lean forward
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
relief; aid; help; (religious) salvation; (Christian) grace
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
1,000,000; one million; million; many
law and order; discipline
innocent; cherubic; childlike
boldly; bravely; resolutely; determinedly
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
affinity; feeling of closeness (with someone); feeling of kinship
cordial welcome; hearty welcome; kind treatment; hospitality
(man's) father-in-law; father of one's wife
to marry (a woman); to take to wife; to take in marriage
withering; shrivelling; shrinking; atrophy; contraction
to freeze (from fear, etc.); to be unable to move (e.g. from surprise); to be paralyzed (with horror, etc.); to cower; to shrink in on oneself
excessive; unmerited; generous; past participle
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
important task; important duty; important mission; heavy responsibility
foresight; foreknowledge; divination
to prostrate oneself before
Tsugaru (Western region of Aomori Prefecture)
cutting edge; leading edge; forefront; tip; end
terminus; terminal; end edge
deep emotion; being filled with emotion
Emishi; historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands); Edo-period realm of the Ainu (as opposed to the Japanese) comprising most of Hokkaido
coastal region; coastal area; coastline