at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
of course; certainly; naturally
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(a) step; one step; level; stage; small degree; small amount
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
to pass down (a story) from generation to generation; to hand down
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to stay in one's heart; to be enduringly memorable; to be unforgettable
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
wise saying; famous saying
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
long time; long interval; for quite some time
hospitality; reception; treatment; (light) refreshment; entertaining with food and drink; treat
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question