road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
review (of learned material); revision
thirteen; 13; king (playing card)
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
empty air; sky; shunyata; emptiness; air force; fruitlessness; meaninglessness
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
Shikoku (smallest of the four main islands of Japan)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
incident; affair; happening; event
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
numeral; figure; digit; numeric character
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
sixth day of the month; six days
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
to pass (of time); to elapse
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
real feeling; actual feeling; to actually feel; to have a real feeling (that ...); to experience personally
as (for); for; in the capacity of