last name; surname; family name
epitaph; inscription on a tombstone
slightly; lightly; thinly; faintly; dimly
to pile up; to accumulate; to estimate
to ward off; to brush away; to fling off; to drive away
to turn over; to turn pages of a book; to tear off; to strip off; to tear up
formulaic; stereotyped; hackneyed
postmark; (postal) cancellation mark
Emperor Meiji (1852-1912, reigned 1867-1912); Emperor Mutsuhito
to sharpen; to grind; to whet; to hone; to make keen
point in common; common feature
infancy; childhood; tender age
revealing (information, a secret, etc.); disclosure; telling; letting out
to sell off; to sell completely
most part; greater part; majority
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
charitable organization; charitable institution; charity
donation; presentation; gift
one's share; one's portion
nonexistent; nil; none; nothing (at all); bugger-all
execution; carrying out; performance; lead monk performing various tasks in a temple
naming; nominating; designating; calling on; asking for; requesting
once and for all; completely; spotlessly
in confusion; in a fluster; in bewilderment; sobbing; tearfully; trembling (voice)
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
retirement (from work); leading a quiet life (after retirement); retired person; retiree; surrendering headship of the family (pre-WWII)
presumptuous; impertinent; impudent; ridiculous; laughable; absurd
at once; there and then; immediately
to laugh (something) off; to dismiss with a laugh; to pooh-pooh
in some way or other; one way or another; somehow; only just; barely
to hesitate; to hold back; to be reluctant; to be unwilling; to have loose painful bowel movement; to suffer from tenesmus
to confuse (someone); to befuddle; to bewilder; to mystify; to throw up a smokescreen; (lit.) to surround with smoke
expression in writing; written representation; notation; writing on the surface (e.g. an address on an envelope); inscribing on the face
from the beginning; from scratch
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
to replace; to exchange; to interchange; to substitute
corner; nook; shade; shadow; dark circles (under the eyes); dark rings