Old World (i.e. Asia, Africa, Europe)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go mad; to lose one's mind; to get out of order; to go amiss; to go wrong (of a plan or expectation, etc.); to fall through
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; to open
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
near; close; beside; third person
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
ridge of earth between rice fields; ridge between grooves in threshold or lintel; footpath between rice fields; causeway
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
marshland; wetland; swampland
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
cannot be undone; can't be recovered from
form; shape; figure; visage
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to warp; to bend; to contort; to be perverted; to be warped (of a view, mind, etc.); to be distorted
while; even though; despite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perceive; to sense; to take in; to grasp; to feel
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
simultaneously; all at once; in unison
madness; craziness; insanity
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
cattle (Bos taurus); cow; beef; Chinese "Ox" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera); Indian lotus; lotus; rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
to bloom; to blossom; to become lively (esp. of conversation); to become animated; to experience a golden age
to be disordered; to be disarranged; to be discomposed; to be upset; to lapse into chaos (due to war, etc.)
marsh; swamp; wetland; being hooked (on a video game, TV show, etc.)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question